How candle pricing actually works
Most makers underprice because they only count materials. Your true cost has three parts: materials (everything above), labor (your time is a real cost — if you don't pay yourself, your "profit" is just an unpaid wage), and overhead (Etsy fees, booth fees, electricity for that wax melter — typically 10–20% on top).
Why wholesale is cost × 2
Stores buy at half of retail. If your wholesale price doesn't clear your true cost with margin to spare, every wholesale order loses money. Cost × 2 is the floor, not the ceiling.
Why retail is cost × 3–4
The gap between wholesale and retail is what funds your market fees, free shipping promos, gift bundles, and the occasional sale — without dipping below profitability. If your market can't bear 3×, the answer is usually cutting cost per unit (bulk wax, cheaper jars) rather than cutting your wage.